Levels of anti-LtxA IgM were significantly higher in early RA and established RA than PH (mean 28.0 vs. 9.8, p = 0.01; 20.1 vs. 9.8, p = 0.004, for early RA vs. PH and established RA vs. PH, respectively) and controls (mean 28.0 vs. 13.4, p < 0.001, and 20.1 vs. 13.4, p = 0.02, for early RA vs. controls and RA vs controls, respectively) (Figure 1A). The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.