A comparable interaction could be proven for effector cell markers when a nasal provocation induced upregulation of ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 and E‐selectin also in the lower airways 33 or a segmental bronchoprovocation in non‐asthmatic allergic rhinitis patients led to mast cell degranulation and increase of basophils in the nasal mucosa, too.34 Here, VCAM1 is linked to allergic rhinitis.