REN and diabetes mellitus: ± SE, 0.153 ± 0.017; p < 0.001; Table 2) after controlling for age, sex, smoking, BMI, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocker use, PTH level, DPI, hsCRP level, and eGFR.