IGHE and infection: Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants expressed by several insect and plant glycoproteins, and by some nematodes and trematodes (such as schistosomes), are typified by presence of α-1,3-linked core fucose and β-1,2-linked core xylose motifs.11,18 We combined the three studies and further explored associations between CCD-specific IgE and Sm infection and atopic sensitization using microarray binding studies of core β-1,2-xylose and α-1,3-fucose substituted N-glycans.