VEGFA and juvenile Huntington disease: In support of this, cerebral hyper-perfusion has been documented previously in patients with Huntington’s disease and animal models, observed as increased vessel density, increased cerebral blood volume and flow, increased blood brain barrier permeability and greater release of VEGF-A, an angiogenic growth factor, by astrocytes (Vis et al., 1998; Harris et al., 1999; Wolf et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2012; Franciosi et al., 2012; Lin et al., 2013; Hua et al., 2014; Hsiao et al., 2015).