ACE2 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: A considerable number of RAS-/ β-arrestin pathway components was significantly influenced by the underlying etiology of heart failure (i.e., ICM vs. DCM), the extent of left ventricular impairment before LVAD implantation (i.e., the baseline left ventricular ejection fraction), and the duration of LVAD therapy: for example, ACE2 was significantly downregulated after LVAD therapy only in DCM, but not in ICM patients and in those with a shorter than a longer duration of LVAD therapy.