In contrast, p38 showed a significant upregulation only in ICM patients (0.99 ± 0.18 vs. 0.73 ± 0.20 AU, P = 0.017 by comparing CHF+LVAD vs. CHF) and was not influenced by baseline LVEF and duration of LVAD therapy (see Fig. 11a). Here, MAPK1 is linked to congestive heart failure.