CSF2 and COVID-19: Detection of COVID-19 is based on virological detection by RT-PCR using swabs (nasopharynx, oropharynx), sputum and faeces, chest radiograph and dynamic monitoring of inflammatory mediators (eg, cytokines).59–61 Faecal specimens detected for COVID-19 nucleic acid was equally accurate as of pharyngeal swab specimens.60 Patients with COVID-19 showed high blood levels of cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ,tumour necrosis factor alpha and VEGFA.50  62  63