Given that the influence of micro environmental situations such as hyperglycemia on the expression levels of these pro-inflammatory molecules has not yet been explored in individuals with T2D, the principal aim of our work was to study IL-1β mRNA expression in mononuclear leucocytes and IL-1β levels in serum in T2D hyperglycemic individuals at three different time points, i.e. upon diagnosis, and after 6 and 12 months of treatment to achieve normoglycemia. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.