These miRNAs can induce the differentiation of Tregs and cause T cell dysfunction, including dysregulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine secretion, by targeting the downregulation of the MAPK1 and JAK/STAT pathways.278 In mouse models of lung cancer and sarcoma, TEX-derived miR-214 inhibits PTEN and the signals downstream of PTEN (to some extent) in T cells, thereby promoting the differentiation of Tregs and enhancing immunosuppression.279 TEX-derived lncRNAs were also found to be associated with immunosuppression and TIE. Here, PTEN is linked to lung carcinoma.