Other read-outs for cancer stemness associated genes such as BMI-1 [61], Nanog [58,59,60], Sox2 [53,54,55,56,57], Oct-4 [54,62,65,66], SALL4 [55,73], GLI-1 [70,71,72], Ep-CAM [67,68,69], and Podoplanin (PDPN) [74,75,76,77] are involved in regulating CSC populations, leading to enhanced proliferation, invasiveness, therapy resistance, and metastatic capacity. The gene discussed is PDPN; the disease is cancer.