CDKN1A and neoplasm: In prostate cancer xenograft mice receiving cholecalciferol supplemented diet, the reduction in tumor volume started to be evident after one-week treatment and became significant after three-weeks treatment, with the antiinflammatory and antiproliferative effects of vitamin D controlled by a tight gene modulation of anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative related genes, therefore upregulating COX-2, p21 and insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) [126].