Aberrant expression of the ubiquitin ligase adapter MAGE family member A11 (MAGE-A11) in tumours, including prostate [319,320] and breast [321,322] cancers, promotes ubiquitination and proteosomal dependant degradation of PCF11 leading to the loss of NUDT21 from the CPA complex, and ultimately resulting in shortening of transcripts that have enrichment of NUDT21 binding sites upstream of their distal PASs [139]. Here, NUDT21 is linked to cancer.