A recent study has confirmed the existence of a negative correlation between TGFB1 and TGFB3 levels and ALS severity; this study postulated that high levels of TGFB in the serum might represent a compensatory mechanism to counteract the pronounced systemic immune response typical of the late stage of the disease, by inducing T cells to differentiate into non regulatory phenotypes [48]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.