Especially the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors, more specifically anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-(L)1), represents a landmark of success in a broad range of tumor types with a great number of ongoing clinical trials and recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) approvals to treat different tumor types, including NSCLC [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.