TGFB1 and neoplasm: Comparative Western blots from tumor samples collected in all groups demonstrated reduced expressions of oncogenic markers (EGFR and mTOR), stemness markers (LGR5 and β-catenin), and the ABCG2 transporter and inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1 and IL-6) (Figure 5D); while the qPCR analysis of plasma levels of miR-142-3p showed the highest level in MSI-N1014+5-FU-treated pooled blood samples, followed by MSI-N1014, 5-FU, and the vehicle control (Figure 5E).