PDCD1 and neoplasm: Treatment with selective PI3Kbeta inhibitor improved the efficacy of both anti-PD-1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA-4) antibodies in mouse models.3,4 Even subtle changes of PTEN expression may influence tumour initiation and progression as it is strongly regulated by critical molecular networks in which activation of hormonal receptors seems to have an important role.5