DYRK1A and Brain atrophy: Moreover, the patient’s brain MRI exhibited mild brain atrophy of both frontal lobes, thinning of the brainstem, hypoplasticity of the pituitary stalk and corpus callosum, and subcortical white matter hypomyelination, consistent with previously reported features of DYRK1A haploinsufficiency syndrome (Supplementary Fig. S1)21.