Mechanistically, survival signaling in T cells is repressed by intracellular phosphatases activated by PD-1 upon interaction with PD-L1 (and also PD-L2) expressed on the surface of malignant cells.68 Furthermore, immunosuppressive cells are recruited by cancer cells to reinforce their anti-immune mechanisms, thus contributing to tumor growth and expansion. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.