Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of EMT-associated genes including MMP2, MMP9, TGF-β1, α-SMA, Fibronectin and Vimentin were markedly up-regulated in NSCLC cells cultured in medium containing supernatants from PM2.5-incubated Th17 cells (Figure 6F). This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.