HOXB13 and urinary bladder cancer: Further, the HOXB13G84E mutation is associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for colorectal cancer (OR: 2.8, p=0.02), bladder cancer (OR: 1.99, p=0.06), and leukemia (OR: 3.17, p=0.01), further demonstrating the importance of the need to understand how HOXB13 mutations promote cancer (Akbari et al., 2013; Beebe-Dimmer et al., 2015).