LDHA and ovarian carcinoma: Subsequent qRT-PCR performed to detect mRNA expression of cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant PDOs revealed that levels of several genes inducing cell senescence, such as p53, p16 and p21, were decreased in cisplatin-resistant PDOs while those participating in glycolysis, such as HK2, GLUT1 and LDHA, were significantly increased (Figure 1I-J), clearly indicating critical involvement of cell senescence and glycolysis in chemoresistance of ovarian cancer.