Data from a phase 3 randomized controlled trial of Anakinra IL-1 blockade in sepsis with Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) characteristics showed a significant improvement in the 28-day survival rate (65.4% Anakinra vs. 35.3% placebo), with HR of fatal outcome of 0.28 (0.11-0.71, p = 0.0071), with no increased adverse events. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is macrophage activation syndrome.