CTNNB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Several frequent HCC genomic alternations have been identified, including mutations in the CTNNB1 (β-catenin WNT pathway activation), TP53, telomere reverse transcriptase (telomere maintenance), AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A; chromatin remodeling), mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, RAS signaling, oxidative stress pathway activation, and aberrations in DNA methylation11.