Following the completion of the multi-billion dollar endeavor of the Human Genome Project in 2003 [33], the development of next-generation sequencing with high-throughput has enabled large-scale parallel sequencing of the lung cancer genome revealing a plethora of genomic targets including EGFR (10–50%), KRAS (25%), ALK (2–7%), ROS1 (1–2%), RET (1%), BRAF (4%), and others [34,35]. The gene discussed is RET; the disease is lung carcinoma.