AKT1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Previous studies of human bladder cancer cells showed that flaccidoxide-13-acetate reduced apoptosis, which is mediated by p38/JNK activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress [14]; it was also found to inhibit human bladder cancer cell migration and invasion by reduction in the activation of the FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway [17].