A Chinese comparative study comprising around 1000 HCC cases vs. 1000 healthy controls showed that in an allelic model, ATG variants ATG5 rs17067724, ATG10 rs1864183, ATG10 rs10514231, ATG12 rs26537, and ATG16L1 rs4663402 were significantly associated with the risk of HCC, in which the ATG10 10514231 was the strongest factor. This evidence concerns the gene ATG12 and hepatocellular carcinoma.