Additional studies have shown that maternal serum levels of PlGF are decreased, and the levels of the sFlt-1 soluble truncated VEGF receptor that binds to and suppresses VEGF bioavailability and endoglin were increased, preceding or coinciding with onset of the complications, e.g., maternal vascular dysfunction, of preeclampsia [71–78]. This evidence concerns the gene PGF and preeclampsia.