VEGFA and preeclampsia: In contrast, transforming growth factor (TGFβ)-1, TGFβ-2, and TGFβ-3 and endocrine gland VEGF (EG-VEGF), as well as microRNA-93 and microRNA-135 which decrease CXCL12 gene expression, inhibited migration/invasive capacity of trophoblasts [42–47], while inhibition of TGFβ3 restored invasive capacity of trophoblasts obtained in late gestation from placentas of women with preeclampsia [48].