INS and Insulin resistance: There was strong or suggestive evidence that genetically higher IGF-1 levels were associated with higher fasting glucose (p = 6.96 × 10−3) and insulin (p = 6.31 × 10−5) levels, increased insulin resistance (p = 6.63 × 10−5), higher diastolic BP (p = 0.016), lower total cholesterol (p = 0.021) and triacylglycerol (p = 1.31 × 10−3) levels and higher height (p = 6.46 × 10−4) in the primary analysis (Fig. 2).