During the last years, accruing evidence has demonstrated that Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a small 25-kD protein released in blood and urine from injured renal tubular cells, holds interesting capacities in anticipating renal function worsening in patients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) (Bolignano et al., 2008c). This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and chronic kidney disease.