AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Qin et al. identified N-Myc as one of the hepatic CSC markers in parallel with α-fetoprotein (AFP), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD90, CD133, delta-like 1 homolog, and glypican 3 (62–64), and N-Myc plays a pathological role in recurrence of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).