Given the involvement of CUX1 in both exogenous DNA damage (induced by temozolomide, H2O2, UV, and IR) and endogenous DNA damage (induced by intracellular ROS) (6, 7, 61, 63, 64), it is conceivable that CUX1 may, respectively, function as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in the stages of tumor initiation or progression. The gene discussed is CUX1; the disease is neoplasm.