TIMP1 and central nervous system cancer: Moreover, researchers have shown that both serum TIMP1 level and TIMP1 mRNA expression of glioma tissue in GBM patients were significantly higher than grade II/III patients (Sreekanthreddy et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2019), and serum angiogenic profile in GBM patients identified that the serum TIMP-1 level as an independent predictor of survival (Crocker et al., 2011).