The involvement of LIG1 and LIG3 in autoimmune diseases has not been reported, however, it is conceivable that LIG1 and LIG3 may prevent autoimmunity as they are crucial for the maintenance of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, which can have immunostimulatory effects that may underlie a breach of clonal tolerance (Figure 3). The gene discussed is LIG1; the disease is autoimmune disease.