HSPA5 and neoplasm: Several studies have reported that Akt activation is induced by ligand stimulation of cell-surface GRP78 and is necessary for regulating cellular functions, such as cell survival, motility, and proliferation, in tumor cells and endothelial cells (Misra et al., 2006; Philippova et al., 2008; Kelber et al., 2009; Yin et al., 2017).