TP53 and cervical carcinoma: To discern whether DNA damage-mediated DINO expression is also TP53 dependent in cervical carcinoma lines, we performed epistasis analysis using small-molecule inhibitors of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), two kinases that are well known to signal DNA damage to TP53 (54, 55).