IGF1 and opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome: Previously, we have documented that the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) cascade is compensatively activated to alleviate neuronal cytolysis induced by serum IgG from children with OMS and NB [6], and others reported that the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase contributes to neuronal cytolysis in pediatric OMS [7].