After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, time in bed, S3, ESS and waist hip ratio, an interaction effect of OSA and extremely short sleep duration (< 5 h) on insulin resistance was found (OR, 1.467; 95% CI, 1.018–2.116), taking primary snorers with a sleep time of 7–8 h as the reference group (Table 7). This evidence concerns the gene INS and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.