DMF and MMF have both been described as activators of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD, MS and AD [24,25], and DMF also affects other oxidative stress-related pathways, including NFκB and hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α) [21]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Parkinson disease.