GFAP and infection: FTY720 reduced the number of cells positive for reactive A1 astrocytic markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100β) in multiple rodent models, including in a model of familial AD [45,51], cuprizone-induced demyelination [48], MS [50,61,82], Huntington’s disease (HD) [84], Status epilepticus (SE) [54], and models of infection [85], stroke [86], ICH [47], Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling [56], and maternal inflammation [87] as well as wild-type rodents [88].