AIF1 and age-related macular degeneration: In a mouse neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) model [205], in germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) rats [206] and in a mouse model of MOG-induced optic neuritis [207], IFN-β and IFN-α both attenuated the levels of IBA1- or CD68-positive M1 microglia, which indicates that in vivo IFNs have positive effects on microgliosis.