We focused on biomarkers that exhibit the various hallmarks of cancer, and for which NIRF probes are already clinically available [16,17]: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [18], vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) [19,20], integrin αvβ6 [21] and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) [9,22]. Here, EPCAM is linked to cancer.