APP and Alzheimer disease: In the hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex of drug-resistant TLE patients who underwent temporal lobe resection, several molecular alterations that resemble those seen in AD patients were observed, including an upregulation of full-length APP expression and enhanced APP amyloidogenic processing, evident by increased phosphorylated APP (pAPP), Aβ42, and Aβ56 expression [28].