CCL5 and neoplasm: To determine, if the high protein levels of CCL5/CCR5 in GB tissues result from increased gene expression, i.e., transcriptional activity, we determined the mRNA levels of CCL5 and CCR5 in the tissues of normal and malignant specimens: non-cancerous brain tissues (n = 16), glioma I-II- low-grade gliomas (n = 17), glioma III-anaplastic astrocytomas (n = 5), glioma IV-GBs (n = 38), recurrent GB (GB rec) (n = 5), GB cells-primary glioblastoma cells (n = 10) and GSCs (n = 6), isolated from patient tumor samples).