Our findings that sepsis elicits distinct changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria, such as decreased VDAC level (a marker of mitochondrial content [45,46,47]), the downregulation of three mitochondrial biogenesis genes (Pgc1-α, Tfam and Sirt3) and decreased complexes I and IV levels, are in agreement with published studies on septic humans and experimental animals [10,12,13,14,20]. The gene discussed is VDAC1; the disease is Sepsis.