Remarkably, ATMs, comprising around 10% of stromal vascular fraction (SVF), drastically increase in number and switch toward a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, secreting various pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, which instigate insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and atherosclerosis [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. Here, TNF is linked to atherosclerosis.