Dysfunctions of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a special type of adipose tissue surrounding blood vessels, are observed during obesity, with excessive vascular injury-induced adventitia fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, while the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β signaling in obese PVAT are drastically upregulated, in order to aggravate this adventitial remodeling [132]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.