INS and Insulin resistance: Chen et al. [86] provided evidence of how MALAT1 is involved in oxidative stress-mediated insulin resistance via the up-regulation of the Jnk (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)—a stress-sensitive kinase that, upon activation, can suppress insulin signaling by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS and Akt—two major regulators in the insulin signaling cascade.