A study in China (Yao et al. 2014) showed that XRCC1, XRCC3, XRCC4, XRCC7, XPC and XPD gene polymorphisms in combination with a high exposure to AFB1 (determined by measuring serum AFB1-albumin adduct levels in peripheral blood cells) were associated with an increased risk of developing a hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, XRCC1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.