In brief, six cell types, including regulatory T cells (Tregs, marked by Foxp3+), exhausted CD8+ T cells (Texs, marked by PD-1+), CD8+PD-1– T cells, type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1, marked by CLEC9A+), macrophages (marked by CD68+), and other cells, were labeled by specific antibodies on a 1 cm × 1 cm × 100 μm tumor tissue. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.