The present study demonstrated that anagliptin, which has been reported to decrease LDL-C level [36–38], significantly reduced FABP4 concentration independent of change in HbA1c or LDL-C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and existing atherosclerotic vascular lesions who were being prescribed statins. The gene discussed is FABP4; the disease is diabetes mellitus.