Accordingly, our findings do not apply to hemodynamically unstable patients with STEMI although they represent only a minority of all patients with STEMI.34 A previous study revealed that in contrast to patients with stable infarction, patients with cardiogenic shock show a clinically relevant increase in PCT concentration despite the absence of infection,14 highlighting that in the clinical context of PCT level interpretation, stable and critically ill cardiac patients need to be differentiated. This evidence concerns the gene CALCA and infarction.