TNFRSF12A and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: On the other hand, a number of enriched cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, positively regulating cell apoptosis and influencing angiogenesis, include TNFRSF12A as their integral part; these pathways have also been implicated in COPD pathogenesis (Vanella et al., 2017; Kropski et al., 2018).