Several auto-antigens have been associated with CLL, notably cytoskeleton components (non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA, vimentin, cofilin-1, filamin B), cardiolipin, proline-rich acidic protein-1 (PRAP-1), dUTPase, and auto-antigens at the surface of apoptotic cells and bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae for instance) (44–51). This evidence concerns the gene PRAP1 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.